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Wrynose Pass
The Wrynose Pass is a mountain pass in the Lake District National Park in Cumbria, England between the Duddon Valley and Little Langdale.
==Etymology==
The unusual name of the pass is taken from that of the adjacent Wrynose hill, also called Wrynose Fell. The name was recorded in 12th century documents as "Wrenhalse" and in the 16th century as "Wrenosse Hill". It is thought, based on a suggestion by Eilert Ekwall, to mean "stallion's ridge", being formed on the Old Norse words ''(v)reini'' ("stallion", probably here used as a byname for an individual), and ''hala''. 〔 Mills, ''The place-names of Lancashire'', Batsford, 1976, p.153 〕 It is one of a number of place names of Scandinavian origin in the area.
Although most academic sources characterise "Vreini" in this context as a personal name, it has also been explained as suggesting "the horse power needed to climb it".〔Cooper, ''The Tarns of Lakeland'', Warne, 1960, p. 201 〕 Other suggested origins are from Old Norse ''ravn hals'', "pass of the raven",〔Cooper, 1960, p.201〕 and ''wreye nes'', the "twisted headland". 〔 Smith, ''The Place Names of Westmorland'', CUP, 1967, p.205 〕 Over the years, the name has been altered to the form "Wrynose" through folk etymology, though it is still locally pronounced "Wreynuss", much like its older form.〔 Brabant, ''The English Lakes'', Methuen, 1902, p.354 〕
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